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The European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS) is an initiative backed by the European Union to enhance cross-border interoperability and the procurement of signalling equipment by creating a single Europe-wide standard for train control and command systems. Its main components are European Train Control System (ETCS) and GSM-R communications system.〔'ERTMS in 10 questions,' http://ec.europa.eu/transport/rail/interoperability/ertms/doc/ertms_10_questions_en.pdf〕 ETCS is a standard for track-train radio communications using balises (Eurobalises) and associated in-cab train control while GSM-R is the GSM mobile communications standard for railway operations. ERTMS can operate at different levels depending on specific local requirements.〔 Three levels have been identified for ERTMS: * Level 1 – ERTMS is added to or overlaid on lineside signals and train detectors. Communication is via balises (Eurobalises) of an existing railway system. * Level 2 – ERTMS uses balises to communicate with the driver, thereby dispensing with lineside signalling equipment. The location of each block is fixed (as with traditional railway systems). * Level 3 – Level 3 is an enhancement on Level 2 whereby the block will move with the train.〕 Under ERTMS speeds are displayed in the driver's cab in km/h and at Level 2, lineside speed indicators are optional.〔 ==History== In 2007 the British Government published its response to a European Union directive requiring the use of ERTMS on High Speed (TEN-R)and Conventional Trans-European Railway Network (TEN) routes. The response proposed a roll-out plan of ERTMS equipment on existing lines that would be completed by 2044 though the actual timing of the programme will depend on changing circumstances – new trains will be ordered with ERTMS equipment on board and ERTMS would be installed during any electrification programs. In 2009, the Rail Safety and Standards Board confirmed that km/h would be used on ERTMS lines in the United Kingdom. With the ongoing introduction of ERTMS, it is foreseen that the metrication of British rail transport will be completed over the next few decades. The Uff/Cullen inquiry (2001) following the Southall and Ladbroke Grove rail crashes identified a need for in-cab signalling on high-speed trains and recommended that ERTMS should be installed onto all of Britain's high-speed lines by the year 2010. However, this timescale was not viable because of the time required to develop the technology. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「European Rail Traffic Management System in Great Britain」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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